Do you know how to identify the signs of gynaecological cancer? Astonishingly, only a mere 7% of individuals do, and this calls for a transformative shift.
We understand all too well the cruciality of educating as many people as possible regarding the telltale symptoms. After all, prevention and early diagnosis undeniably save lives. So, let's delve into it: what exactly is gynaecological cancer, and which symptoms should you be vigilant about?
What precisely are gynaecological cancers?
First and foremost, it is imperative to comprehend that gynaecological cancer is an umbrella term encompassing five distinct types of cancer that develop in the female reproductive system: womb, ovarian, cervical, vulval, and vaginal.
What symptoms should you be wary of when it comes to gynaecological cancer? While some symptoms overlap across different types, there are notable distinctions among them. Any abnormal vaginal bleeding (such as bleeding between periods or post-menopause) should always prompt a conversation with your doctor. Additionally, any unusual symptoms persisting for more than two weeks should also be discussed with a healthcare provider. Although they might sound daunting, it is essential to openly address gynae cancer to empower all of us to take charge of our health journeys and recognize deviations from the norm.
Symptoms of womb cancer:
- Vaginal bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause.
- Heavier periods compared to your usual pattern.
- Pink, brown, prune-colored, or watery discharge.
Symptoms of ovarian cancer:
- Persistent bloating, abdominal or pelvic pain.
- Frequent urination or alterations in bowel habits.
- Early satiety, difficulty eating, or feeling nauseous.
Symptoms of cervical cancer:
- Vaginal bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause.
- Vaginal discharge with an unusual and unpleasant smell.
- Pain during sexual intercourse.
Symptoms of vaginal cancer:
- Vaginal bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause.
- Recurring or persistent vaginal itching.
- A lump in the vaginal area.
- Pain during sexual intercourse.
- Abnormal or foul-smelling discharge (which may also be blood-stained).
Symptoms of vulval cancer:
- Recurring or persistent itching of the vulva or general pain and discomfort.
- A lump on the vulva.
- Changes on the surface of the vulva, such as darker, raised, red, white, or thick patches of skin.
How are gynaecological cancers treated?
Treatment approaches vary depending on the individual, the specific type of cancer, and the stage of its progression. Various treatment options are available, utilizing a combination of different tools. The most commonly employed methods for treating gynae cancers are surgery, aimed at removing cancerous tissue, and radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which aid in shrinking or eliminating cancer cells.
What can I do to lower my risk of gynaecological cancer?
While certain risk factors associated with gynaecological cancer are unavoidable, such as cervical cancer being more prevalent among younger women (under 50) and ovarian cancer being more common after menopause, there are key measures that can help prevent some of these cancers:
- Receive the HPV vaccine: Human papillomavirus (HPV) comes in various strains, and many individuals contract at least one strain during their lifetime. Most cases can be easily treated, but specific strains can contribute to multiple types of cancer, including cervical, vaginal, and vulva cancer.
- Get your smear test - PAP smears are really important in detecting HPV and the cancers it can cause early on.
- Frequent testing If you have a family history of certain cancers - if you have relatives who have had ovarian, breast, prostate or pancreatic cancer, you may be at risk of having a BRCA gene alteration. There is genetic testing available for this, and awareness can help you take steps to catch any cancers early.
- Not smoking - Smoking is a risk factor for ovarian, cervical, vulva and vaginal cancer as it can suppress the immune system.